influenza is an acute respiratory disease caused by the influenza a or b virus. it often occurs in outbreaks and epidemics worldwide, mainly during the winter season. significant numbers of influenza virus particles are present in the respiratory secretions of infected persons, so infection can be transmitted by sneezing and coughing via large particle droplets. the mean duration of influenza v...

conclusions we concluded that propofol can reduce sbp, dbp, map, hr & cough production at the time of injection but there were no significant changes in these parameters after extubation. results heart rate and blood pressure in patients receiving propofol were less than the control group (p < 0.05) at the time of injection of propofol, but there were no differences between the two groups at th...

background sarcoidosis is a multisystem granulomatous disorder of unknown etiology, characterized by “noncaseating granulomas” in different organs. clinical signs are variable and dependent on the organ involved. although it is often asymptomatic in athletes, considering the high level of athletic performance and the related risks due to the potential heart involvement, a particular diagnostic ...

background:speech is the most important communication tool and is the smooth product of four systems: respiratory, phonatory, resonatory, and articulatory. currently, a variety of voice disorder occurred because of life style and environmental pollutants. vocal nodule is one of the most prevalent disorders in this category. considering the point that the air required for vocal cords vibration i...

background: several multiphase flow analyses have been developed to predict the fate of particles used in inhalation drug delivery; however, the collapse of droplets during their passage through respiratory tract has not been investigated. objective: to assess the probability of droplet collapse in the upper respiratory tract. methods: a 3d model of mouth-to-second generation airway after the t...

background: lower respiratory tract infections (ltris) are among the most common infectious diseases with potential life-threatening complications. methods: the study consisted of 426 patients with suspected ltris from mid and far western region of nepal between september 2011 and july 2014. the specimens were collected and processed according to the standard microbiological methods at the cent...